Showing posts with label David Cronenberg. Show all posts
Showing posts with label David Cronenberg. Show all posts

Friday, September 10, 2010

Shivers (1975)

This post is part of the Cronenberg Blogathon, hosted by Tony Dayoub at his blog, Cinema Viewfinder. Click the link and check out his work and, of course, the other submissions.

Shivers did start with a dream I had about a spider that emerged from a woman's mouth at night while she slept. The dream was very casual. It wasn't a horrific dream at all. It was just "Oh yeah, the spider that lives in her mouth." It seemed that the creature just lived there, inside her. It would come out at night, go round the house and go back into her mouth. Back into her body. During the day she knew nothing about it. Afterwards, on reflection, I thought, "My God, that image is really giving a physical presence to the idea that things go on within us which are strange and disturbing." Also, it seemed the spider in some way gave her life when she was awake. Embodying that in an insect or creature was really the unique thing about the dream. That was really the crystal at the centre of what became Shivers. (43) Shivers, written and directed by David Cronenberg, is set almost wholly in Starliner Towers, only twelve minutes away from Montreal, on Starliner Island in isolation. A slide-show sales pitch plays behind the credits, detailing the amenities which the apartment complex has to offer. It is a small world unto itself. Janine (Sue Petrie), a Starliner resident, is experiencing marital problems with husband Nicolas (Alan Migicovsky) who has grown extremely distant and cold towards her. Meanwhile on a upper floor, an older man assaults a very young woman in an apartment. The older gentleman is fixated upon her stomach. He opens it and burns the young woman's insides with acid. The police arrive to investigate the death. Doctor Roger St. Luc, Starliner Towers' resident physician, discovered the young woman's corpse. Dr. St. Luc was summoned to the apartment by his old teacher at medical school, Dr. Emil Hobbes (Fred Doederlein). Hobbes is the older gentleman who attacked the young woman. He has killed himself, as well. "Roger," says Lynn Lowry's character, who plays Roger's nurse and lover, "I had a very disturbing dream last night. In the dream, I found myself making love to a strange man. Only I'm having trouble, you see, because he's old...and tiny. And he smells bad, and I find him repulsive. But then he tells me that everything is erotic. Everything is sexual. You know what I mean? He tells me that even old flesh is erotic flesh. Disease is the love of two alien kinds of creatures for each other. Even dying is an act of eroticism. That talking is sexual. That breathing is sexual. And even to physically exist is sexual. And I believe him. And we make love beautifully." Shivers is Cronenberg's debut feature-length film as a professional filmmaker. Despite the film being thirty-five years old, it undoubtedly is still very much shocking and provocative. From the idyllic modern setting of Starliner Towers, its residents present the diversity of civilized folks of both genders in a wide range of ages, living in harmony, together. The original title of the film was "Orgy of the Blood Parasites" (35)--a wholly apt yet deceptive description. In the brief set-up which I detailed for the film above, all psychological and physical problems, abnormalities, manifestations, etc., all result from the presence of a parasite. As the parasite infects one resident that resident infects two who infect two more and etc. Their actions become violent, perverse (-ted), and sexual. David Cronenberg offers his insights:

The standard way of looking at Shivers is as a tragedy, but there's a paradox in it that also extends to the way society looks at me. Here's a man who walks around and is sweet: he likes people, he's warm, friendly, articulate and he makes these horrible, diseased, grotesque, disgusting movies. Now, what's real? Those things are both real for the person standing outside. For me, those two parts of myself are inextricably bound together. The reason I'm secure is because I'm crazy. The reason I'm stable is because I'm nuts. It's palpable to me. ¶ The older you get, the more children you have, the more accepted you become in your society and the more a part of the establishment you become, the more tenuous the grip on your 'insideness' is. Your awareness of yourself is driven deeper because the layers or veneer of civilization become thicker and thicker, but inside you know. I'm just much more in disguise. There's a strength to be taken from that. There's also a certain sadness at the same time. (50-51) Roger's old teacher (and perhaps mentor) Dr. Hobbes has a wonderfully allusive name which hides much of the film's philosophical background. Cronenberg, a serious court jester of cinema, is not content with just exploring philosophical ideas but contrasting them: those with a cursory knowledge of Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche will see quite a bit of his philosophy, as well. The film is by far not totally cerebral: it's quite organic. Cronenberg presents philosophical ideas and questions or rejects them. The genesis for the creation of the parasites is a wonderful perverse joke which reflects this. I don't know where these extreme images come from. It seems very straightforward and natural and obvious to me as it happens. Often they come from the philosophical imperative of a narrative and therefore lead me to certain things that are demanded by the film. I don't impose them. The film or the script itself demands a certain image, a certain moment in the film, dramatically. And it emerges. It's like the philosophy of Emergent Evolution, which says that certain unpredictable peaks emerge from the natural flow of things and carry you forward to another stage. I guess each film has its own version of Emergent Evolution. It's just like plugging into a wall socket. You look around for the plug point and, when you find it, the electricity is there--assuming that the powerhouse is still working. That's as close to describing the process as I can get. (41) Shivers is driven by raw energy from an extremely fertile and creative mind; and the film runs with subversive, perverse, and wicked themes and imagery. (Imagery at times is evocative of Pasolini's Salo, made and released around the same time.) Subtle sexual imagery like Lowry getting rebuffed by a preoccupied Roger only to disrobe in front of him while he handles an important phone call to the taboo--Roger opens the door to witness an older man who introduces a young woman as his daughter who then embrace. In another brilliant brief sequence, Roger encounters a man and a nude woman tussling in the hallway. He points his revolver at the couple but he cannot discern whether one or both is infected; whether they will lose interest in each other and attack him; or whether they're having kinky fun. Roger's reaction is ambiguous but interesting. It's an at-times rough-looking film but also has some very creative compositions. Indisputably, Shivers is one of the best horror film debuts, ever. All parenthetical numbers that follow facts or quotes represent page numbers from Cronenberg on Cronenberg, edited by Chris Rodley, Faber and Faber, London, 1992.

Friday, September 11, 2009

David Cronenberg's Videodrome (1983)

For Max Renn (James Woods) is it really "a matter of economics," as he tells t.v. talk-show host Rena King or is it something darker? Renn runs a small cable station and is willing to meet two Japanese pornographers in a sleazy hotel in the a.m. hours, hoping to find "something tough...something that will break through." Maybe Renn's darker side is blossoming as he's attracted to sexy radio-show host, Nikki Brand (Deborah Harry), who believes that society lives in a state of "overstimulation" of whom she is also a proud member. Her sexuality and kink is a little much for Renn, but he keeps looking, even after Nikki disappears. Electronics guru and the self-proclaimed video pirate, Harlan, has found a program on a rogue satellite entitled Videodrome: just torture and murder. Renn wants to find the program and is about to go through the looking glass to find it in David Cronenberg's Videodrome (1983).
Now heralded as one of the finest contemporary film makers, period (after A History of Violence (2002) and Eastern Promises (2007)), David Cronenberg was in 1983 one of horror cinema's biggest names alongside George Romero, Dario Argento, and Brian De Palma. His debut feature-length film, Shivers (1975) was a perfect low-budget horror film; and it introduced the most prominent theme to emerge from his body of work: the human body with its subsequent corruption and/or evolution by outside forces, often shown within a fringe society which is really a reflection of the culture-at-large. For example in Shivers the tenants of a modern high-rise apartment building are infected by a man-made parasite which mutates its hosts into ravenous and sexual beings. The opening imagery of Shivers paints the high-rise as a small world, seemingly self-sufficient and complete within its own walls. Cronenberg would continue the viral and sexual in Rabid (1977) with his brilliant The Brood following in 1979, taking and loading the term "psychosomatic" to its fullest and goriest extent. In 1981, Scanners was released and while its premise (psycho-kinetic folks with a killer special gift) and its set pieces (the exploding head scene is a classic horror scene) were interesting, the film's story isn't nearly as compelling as The Brood or his subsequent feature, Videodrome.
In his journey to track down Videodrome, Renn learns through eccentric pornographer, Masha (Lynne Gorman), who has got the answers. She warns him though: the people who make Videodrome have something that Renn apparently doesn't: a philosophy. Who can help him find the program? Professor Brian O'Blivion (Jack Creley) who only "appears on television on television." The monologue is the man's preferred method of communication while on television, and the Professor runs a homeless shelter with this daughter, Bianca (Sonja Smits), where folks can get a bowl of soup and a healthy dose from the cathode-ray tube (to help reintegration into society). Renn begins seeing and hearing things, and when the Professor begins talking to him from a pre-recorded videocassette from a television which subsequently begins breathing and beckoning, Videodrome takes an unexpected turn and keeps going. Not only is Renn's reality changing but also his body.
The characters who populate Videodrome seemingly would be too outside the norm to be accepted as real (or accessible) by the viewer, but Cronenberg, as he is often able to do with his films, is able to bring the viewer in to his created culture. As outlandish as the film's subject matter is, Videodrome's dialogue never sounds trite or ridiculous. Woods's Renn is an obsessive character who hides behind his commercial mask in order to plumb his dark desires. Harry's Nikki is a perfect match, and when she burns her breast with a lit cigarette, this act should be a cautionary symbol for Renn. The two actors have a strong chemistry, and their scenes together are terrific. Videodrome is a slow and methodical story that escalates perfectly: the viewer needs time to be in Renn's shoes and see the world through his eyes. As his reality begins changing, the viewer not only accepts this new reality but like Renn, wants to see more. Every subsequent scene is revelatory and engrossing: what was shown previously is grotesquely turned on its head and as the film unfolds, Cronenberg increasingly becomes less conservative and shows more in its visceral and sexual reality. What is so curious, though, about Videodrome is how wrong Cronenberg captured the culture in 1983 and its future: torture and murder would never become popular in any media; television would shrink in size both in outlets and in its audience; and viewers and seekers of a little kink and darker material would have less access to those sounds and images, because "overstimulation" has never really been our problem. Videodrome is a personal favorite by a truly unique and fantastic film maker. See it (and let it see you).